PART I: Overview 1. Introduction: Fractals Really Are Everywhere PART II: Properties of Fractals and Chaos 2. Properties of Fractal Phenomena in Space and Time 3. The Fractal Dimension: Self-similar and Self-affine Scaling 4. Fractal Measures of Heterogeneity and Correlation 5. Generating Fractals 6. Properties of Chaotic Phenomena 7. From Time to Topology: Is a Process Driven by Chance or Necessity? PART III: Physiological Applications 8. Ion Channel Kinetics: A Fractal Time Sequence of Conformational States 9. Fractals in Nerve and Muscle 10. Intraorgan Flow Heterogeneities 11. Fractal Growth 12. Mechanisms That Produce Fractals 13. Chaos? in Physiology