Xeno: The Promise of Transplanting Animal Organs into Humans

If you are what you eat, what do you become after accepting a pig heart transplant? Physicians David K.C. Cooper and Robert P. Lanza examine this question and more in Xeno: The Promise of Transplanting Animal Organs Into Humans. They're on the cutting edge of this long-desired procedure, working for Harvard Medical School and Advanced Cell Technology, respectively, and look carefully at the scientific, ethical, legal, economic, and political issues appended to the promise of nearly unlimited organs and tissues for the needy. Ever since doctors transplanted monkey glands into elderly men--to questionable effect--early in the century, the prospect of using healthy animal organs to replace our own has fascinated and frustrated the medical profession, which has a long-standing joke that xenotransplantation is the future of medicine, and always will be.

Cooper and Lanza present compelling arguments that this future might literally come tomorrow, with advances in genetic engineering and sensitive immunological hacking that could extend the lives of transplant patients many years without the use of cruelly immunosuppressive medications. Some problems are a bit bizarre--pigs might have to be exercised regularly for their hearts to be in good condition for transplant, and will have to live in such pristine, germ-free conditions that several major religions might have to reconsider the pig's status as an unclean animal. With animal rights crusaders, technophobic alarmists, and uncertain patients to contend with in addition to challenging immunological and physiological problems, transplant surgeons have their work cut out for them, but the authors of Xeno are optimistic that pigs will soon replace dogs as man's best friend. --Rob Lightner