Controlling the Cost of C4I Upgrades on Naval Ships (Monographs)

C4I systems have evolved rapidly over the last few decades, and the cost of keeping these products uptodate on new and inservice U.S. Navy ships is high due to configuration, integration, testing, and other challenges. Looking across a specific set of completed C4I upgrades, the authors found evidence of cost improvement, a high level of variability in costs, and a trend toward overestimating the installationlabor costs of certain upgrades.