Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1913 Excerpt: ...from the top end of a top rail. Although the specimen was from the top of the ingot, there is a difference of but three points in the readings throughout the head. The section, where polished and etched, showed rather dimly marked segregation. The head and base when planed into and etched showed some dark streaks in the head and light streaks and fissures in the base. The top of the head for-inch depth was sound. The experimenter says: "The section as a whole is more uniform than is usually to be found in top, middle, or bottom rail of a Bessemer ' ingot.'" Fig. 212 shows the comparative hardness on different lines on experimental titanium rails. This test indicates a skin of soft metal across the top of the head, but as soon as this is penetrated the hardness is reached, which compares favorably with any part of the whole section. Experiments were made at the laboratories of McGill University on the value of the indentation test for steel rails in regard to essential qualities desired in service. The study of this method of testing was suggested by tests made on a large number of rail sections by the Chief Engineer of the Canadian Pacific Railway, a spherical punch.75 inch in diameter Fiq. 212.--Scleroscope Tests on New Titanium being Used, with a load of 100,000 pounds Rail. (Am. Ry. Eng. ASSn.) applied by an Emery testing machine for 10 seconds after commencing the load, and the indentation was measured by an instrument reading to T DVir incn The tests, conducted by Mr. Dutcher, were on a set of bars of 2.5 by.75inch section containing known percentages of carbon, which were verified by tests, and varied between.11 per cent and.96 per cent. The punches used (in addition to the foregoing) were a 60 cone, a 90 cone, and a paraboloid. The term &qu...