Steel processing and conversion Volume 4, no. 5

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1918 Excerpt: ...in proper proportion, form a more or less bright, distinctive "cone." This highest temperature zone is the "reducing," or "neutral" flame. A second, longer outer or "enveloping" flame is established by those components of the supporting gases, whose dissociation temperatures are below the temperature of the neutral flame. In conformity with established practice, the writer has called the shape of the reducing or neutral flame a cone. However, his latest discoveries along these lines, while he is not quite ready to publish them at this time, make it safe for him to state, that high temperature zones of different formation can be treated, and in such variations as to be of considerably greater thermal efficiency. The dissociation of gases is the separating of existing molecules, and occurs primarily in the rising temperatures of the reducing flame. The recombining of the dissociated atoms takes place at the high temperatures of the outer or enveloping flame. These temperatures are somewhat diminished, due to radiation by conductivity losses, which necessarily will retard the process of combustion. This retarding reaction will, of course, exert its reducing influence upon the velocity of the explosive wave. From time to time the influence of dissociation has undoubtedly been more or less overestimated. However the degree of dissociation, with its bearing upon decreased explosive velocity and the retroactive effect upon heat values, will induce a certain reduction of temperature. The combustible products of the gases named for high temperatures and their mixtures, are principally water vapor and carbonic oxide. The accepted theory, that: "the richer a gas is in carbon, the higher temperature it will produce," is...