Manufacture of gasoline and benzene-toluene from petroleum and other hydrocarbons Volume 114-115

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1916 Excerpt: ...with increase of temperature to a temperature of 750 C., and shows a slight decrease from this point up to 800 C. As the temperature is increased beyond 800 C. the percentage of benzene formed sharply drops until at 850 C. it is practically negligible. Toluene formation, on the other hand, shows a consistent and steady decrease above a témperature of 650 C. This result again is in accord with the evidence obtained from the experiments in the small electrically heated furnace. It will be noted that the total yields of benzene and toluene shown in Table 45 are considerably below the total percentage of aromatic hydrocarbons formed in the small laboratory apparatus. This is due to two causes; first, the percentage of xylene formed is left out of consideration, and second, and more important, the condensation was wholly inadequate to permit a full recovery of the aromatic hydrocarbons formed. The gases, after passing through the condenser, issued from the end of the pipe in the form of a white cloud, whereas the gases could not have been noted if none but fixed gases escaped. A large proportion of the volatile liquids formed were thus carried away by the gases, the quantity of which could not be determined with the facilities at hand. The percentage of loss was not of so much moment in these experiments as was the question whether the conversion could be properly carried out in the larger tubes. The object of the experiments was mainly to determine the effect of using a larger and longer pipe on the reaction products, rather than to ascertain the maximum percentage which could be recovered from the oil. It was readily recognized that efficient condensation would make a great improvement in the results. Table 45 follows: Table 45.--Benzene and toluene forme...