Ismailizm: Assasiny, Druzy, Al-Khakim bi-Amrillakh, Khasan ibn Sabbakh, Girdkukh, Alamut, Aga-khan IV, Aga-khan III, Aga-khan, Sadruddin (Russian Edition)

Istochnik: Wikipedia. Stranitsy: 34. Glavy: Assasiny, Druzy, Alʹ-Khakim bi-Amrillakh, Khasan ibn Sabbakh, Girdkukh, Alamut, Aga-khan IV, Aga-khan III, Aga-khan, Sadruddin, Khamza Ibn Ali, Fakhr ad-Din II, Darazi, Mukhammed ben Ismail Nashtakin ad-Darazi, Karmaty, Nizarity, As-Saĭid Abdalla at-Tanukhi. Vyderzhka: Assasiny (khashashiny, khashishiny, gashishin; ot arab. khashishi, mn. ch. khashishiĭa ili khashishiĭun - «upotreblyayushchiĭ khashish» ) - naimenovanie, pod kotorym poluchili shirokuyu izvestnostʹ v Srednie veka i v nastoyashchyee vremya ismaility-nizarity (shiit·skaya vetvʹ islama). Nazvanie svyazano s kompleksom raskhozhikh predstavleniĭ o nizaritakh kak o terroristicheskoĭ sekte, chleny kotoroĭ, odurmanennye narkotikom fanatiki, sovershayut mnogochislennye ubiĭstva na politicheskoĭ i religioznoĭ pochve. Slovo «assasin» voshlo vo mnogie yevropyeĭskie yazyki i ponimaet·sya kak naëmnyĭ ubiĭtsa. Posle smerti proroka Mukhammeda, kogda podnyalsya vopros o tom, kto stanet glavoĭ musulʹmanskoĭ obshchiny, a znachit, po tem vremenam vesʹma bolʹshogo i mogushchestvennogo gosudarstva, islamskaya umma preterpela raskol na dva vrazhduyushchikh lagerya: sunnitov, priverzhentsev ortodoksalʹnogo napravleniya islama, i shiitov. Chastʹ musulʹman vystupala za to, chto vlastʹ dolzhna prinadlezhatʹ tolʹko pryamym potomkam proroka Mukhammeda, to yestʹ pryamym potomkam Ali ibn Abu Taliba, dvoyurodnogo brata proroka, zhenatogo na Fatime, samoĭ lyubimoĭ docheri Mukhammeda. Po ikh mneniyu, blizkoe rodstvo s prorokom Mukhammedom delalo potomkov Ali yedinstvenno dostoĭnymi pravitelyami islamskogo gosudarstva. Ot·syuda poshlo nazvanie shiitov - «shi'at Ali» («partiya Ali»). Shiity, nakhodivshyeesya v menʹshinstve, neredko podvergalisʹ goneniyam so storony sunnit·skogo pravyashchego bolʹshinstva, poetomu oni byli chasto vynuzhdeny nakhoditʹsya v podpolʹe. Razroznennye shiit·skie obshchiny byli izolirovany drug ot druga, kontakty mezhdu nimi byli sopryazheny s ve...