The next wave of HIV/AIDS: Nigeria, Ethiopia, Russia, India, and China

Original publisher: [Washington, D.C.] : The Council, [2002] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)50754463 Subject: AIDS (Disease) -- Forecasting. Excerpt: ... malnutrition, limited healthcare, and other number probably is between 1 and 2 million, infectious diseases has caused HIV to which would indicate an adult prevalence progress rapidly to AIDS. Heterosexual rate of around 1 to 2 percent. transmission is the primary mode of spread, and people with multiple partners - • Infection rates vary significantly across especially those with sexually transmitted the country, with the biggest diseases ( STDs ) and prostitutes - have concentrations in cities ( see figure 5 ). significantly higher infection rates, ranging Males comprise 77 percent of all the from 30 to 40 percent in STD-positive infected, and 60 percent of infected men individuals to 50 to 70 percent in prostitutes. are between the ages of 17 and 25. Unlike conditions in other next-wave Intravenous drug use drives the spread of the countries, war has significantly contributed disease in Russia more than in any of the to the spread of the disease in Ethiopia. other next-wave countries. An estimated 80 Many soldiers contracted HIV / AIDS during to 90 percent of all infections in Russia stem the civil war in the 1980s by having contact from intravenous drug use, which is rampant with multiple sex partners. When the war and rising. ended in 1991, thousands of infected soldiers and prostitutes returned home, • In most countries, the concentration of spreading HIV / AIDS in their villages and HIV among drug users and generally towns. low adult prevalence rates would suggest the disease still has not broken out into • Another surge of infections may be the general population. Experts warn, underway. Ethiopia has demobilized however, that drug use is so widespread 150,000 soldiers over the last two years in Russia that many users are integrated as the conflict with Eritrea has wound into society with jobs and families, down. ...