An empirical study investigating the key success factors amongst women in higher education.

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence the advancement of women in leadership positions in institutions of higher education. Specifically, to determine if a difference existed in the factors that contributed to the chosen career path and advancement amongst female leaders serving at two and four-year institutions. A total of 1,423 women administrators employed at two and four-year institutions were invited to participate, 341 women participated in the study. This study used a survey instrument designed to answer three primary research questions: (1) What are factors that lead to success for women in leadership positions in institutions of higher education? (2) What barriers did women face in institutions of higher education? (3) What affect did positive role models and mentoring relationships play in the career advancement of females at two-year and four-year institutions of higher education? Women who have advanced to top-level administrative positions have proven their leadership capabilities. Analysis of the data collected indicated the following contributed to their success: obtaining a doctorate degree, mentoring relationships, formal and informal learning experiences, networking opportunities, hard work, and the desire to grow and learn were the major factors that influenced their successful career paths. Although women continue to face barriers in their career path, balancing their work life and home was noted as the most significant barrier faced. Finally, the participants concluded that the need for role models and mentoring played an important role in their advancement. Of the participants, 64.5% had between one to three mentors over the course of their career in academia and at the time of the study 46% had a mentor. Several conclusions emerged from this study. Obtaining a doctorate degree was identified as a key differential in career advancement. Mentoring relationships was vital in their advancement. Women who aspire to a top leadership position in higher education should seek mentoring opportunities that would enhance their career development. Finally, learning how to balance work with home life is key to advancement.