Confoundedness: The Struggles of a Civil Movement (Manuscripts on Modernism and Modernity) - in Persian (Persian Edition)

The Modernism/ Modernity debate has had a continuous, albeit fragmented presence on the Iranian intellectual discourses. However, sufficient attention has not been paid to the specific historical sense as well as the unique meanings of the terms, especially with regards to the Iranian intellectual thoughts and conducts. Through a series of manuscripts, this book investigates the struggles of a traditional society and her civil movements in defining the specific impediments hindering the transition from a traditional, to a modern civil society. Historical parallels are drawn with references to the Western struggles for a modern world as referenced within the Western Literary Traditions, and the specific modern features are defined to highlight the differences and the similarities. This book defines three specifically prevalent and current traditional obstacles for a civil society to reach modernism, and for an economy to achieve a transition to modernity, namely, a) Autocracy, b) Confoundedness, and c) Institutionalized Disorganization. It then proceeds to suggest strategies and plans, as well as scientific methodologies for overcoming these impediments in order to achieve a modern civil society in Iran.