Shari'a Law, Cult Violence, and System Change in Egypt: The Dilemma Facing President Mubarak

This study looks at the system of rule in Egypt and discusses why it is in such trouble presently. In the eyes of many, the days of Egyptian President Husni Mubarak are numbered, because of the mounting violence inside his country. The study concludes that Mubarak's difficulties stem from the economy, which is seen to be distributing wealth inequitably- -it enriches the few, while the masses are driven to make more and more sacrifices to preserve a deteriorating standard of living. Into this disturbed atmosphere has come the powerful Muslim Brotherhood, which has sparked a religious revival against corruption that apparently has gotten out of hand. Numerous religious cults have sprung up, calling for the restitution of the ancient law of Muhammad, the shari'a. The cultists are taking action against elements they feel have betrayed Islam. To date, the religious forces have failed to win support they need to achieve their aim. However, a further serious decline in the standard of living could provide the opening they seek. Ironically, this may happen because of measures being taken by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which is pressing Mubarak to undertake free market reforms. The reforms would cause widespread unemployment, something the masses will not tolerate. The study warns U.S. policymakers that before proceeding with the reforms, the mood of the Egyptian people, as well as the religious movement, should be carefully assessed. Signs indicate the religious forces are split, and- this being the case--it may be possible to exploit this schism in ways that support the interests of the United States.