Introduction of Wave-Set-Up Effects and Mass Flux to the Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes Model

Hurricanes wreak havoc on the lives and infrastructure of coastal communities. Storm surge, a local rise in sea elevations, is perhaps the most devastating element of these tropical cyclones. Storm surge depends on the tidal stage, barometric pressure, Coriolis effect, wind stress, and wave forcing, as well as the local bathymetry. In the past, many storm surge numerical models, such as Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) (JELESNIANSKI et al, 1992), neglect wave forcing components to conserve computational efficiency. However, numerous situations necessitate the inclusion of waves' effects to more correctly model the surge both spatially and temporally.