This new book presents recent and important findings on stem cell research which is finding many appplications including nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases as well as Parkinson s disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer s disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialized cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialized cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, fetal tissue and embryonic sources.