Optimisation of Source to Image Distance in Diagnostic Radiology: A study using Monte Carlo simulation

This study aimed to determine the optimum source to image distance (SID) for key radiographic projections, in diagnostic radiology. Three secondary aims were to determine the effect of changes in SID on the amount of scattered radiation at the image receptor, to determine the effect of changes in SID on the radiation dose to the patient and to assess any effects of changes in SID on the quality of the images. The study was performed using Monte Carlo simulation, employing EGSnrcMP and PCXMC. The Monte Carlo codes were benchmarked against independent experimental studies and shown to give excellent agreement. The conclusion was that for imaging of the trunk, other than the chest, the use of an SID of 150 cm will enable optimization of doses to patients. To optimize image quality and patient dose, a number of recommendations are made for technological improvements and for clinical practice.