Design of The Differential Difference Operational Floating Amplifier: The Differential Difference Operational Floating Amplifier: New CMOS Realizations and Applications

Today the world can be considered as a small village; thanks to the existence of low power and area efficient end user terminal devices. For instance; if we considered the communication system architecture; it must include modulator/demodulator, local oscillators, filters, multipliers and variable gain amplifiers...etc. All the previously mentioned circuits are realized using basic circuits like voltage op-amps. New voltage mode circuits like differential difference amplifier and differential difference operational floating amplifier (DDOFA) were introduced for area and power optimization. With the DDOFA many analog signal processing applications can be implemented such as voltage to current converters, gyrators, floating inductors, integrators, oscillators, amplifiers, multipliers, dividers and filters. Nine novel CMOS realizations for the DDOFA are proposed in this work, with simulation results comparison. The newly proposed DDOFA is modified and transformed to a fully differential current conveyor (FDCC) which is used to realize different applications like first, second and sixth order complex filters.