Aptipedia Aptitude Encyclopedia (Old Edition)

Aptipedia is the one-stop solution for anyone aspiring to crack campus placements, bank examinations or other competitive examinations. This book contains three sections – Quantitative Aptitude, Logical Reasoning and Verbal Ability. It provides valuable, reliable, updated and much-needed information on the test patterns of specific mass recruiters including TCS, Wipro, Accenture , Tech Mahindra, Cognizant, IBM, MuSigma, etc. 1.Concept explanation with examples – presented as pockets of sub-concepts. The fundamentals discussed in this book are the fundamentals required to ace any competitive examination. 2.Important shortcuts and formulae – important formulae and shortcuts are derived/illustrated with appropriate examples. 3.Solved examples – detailed step-by-step explanations and alternative/shortest way of solving the same problem (wherever applicable) 4.Exercise-1 – Level-1 set of questions for the learners to try and apply the concepts they learned in the previous sections of the chapter. This set entails almost all the possible question types under the respective topic/concept. 5.Exercise-2 – Level-2 set of questions for the learners to try solving the questions at a better pace. The level of difficulty of this set is slightly higher than Exercise 1. This also is a comprehensive set covering all the possible question types. (Note: Question type comprehensiveness is based on the type of questions that appear in placement tests and in bank examinations) 6.Solutions – Solutions for the exercise questions. The solutions are aimed at providing a demystified approach to solve a problem and provoking the learners to think further. These solutions also ensure that the question is solved in the best possible way suitable for an aspirant to crack aptitude tests faster. 7.Recap – A recap of all the important concept notes, formulae and solving tricks. This helps the learners to have a quick look at the entire chapter before moving in for an aptitude test. This, however, doesn’t encourage the learners to skip the entire chapter but acts only as a means to support the learner to recall whatever is learnt in the entire chapter. A place to find some interesting facts, anecdotes, tips, etc. under the topic discussed. This is a feature of the Verbal Ability section. Win the Clock – Optimized and time-tested strategies are presented in each topic/concept and we encourage you to practice using the same. Special Features 1. Concept explanation with examples – presented as pockets of sub-concepts. The fundamentals discussed in this book are the fundamentals required to ace any competitive examination. 2. Important shortcuts and formulae – important formulae and shortcuts are derived/illustrated with appropriate examples. 3. Solved examples – detailed step-by-step explanations and alternative/shortest way of solving the same problem (wherever applicable) 4. Exercise-1 – Level-1 set of questions for the learners to try and apply the concepts they learned in the previous sections of the chapter. This set entails almost all the possible question types under the respective topic/concept. 5. Exercise-2 – Level-2 set of questions for the learners to try solving the questions at a better pace. The level of difficulty of this set is slightly higher than Exercise 1. This also is a comprehensive set covering all the possible question types. (Note: Question type comprehensiveness is based on the type of questions that appear in placement tests and in bank examinations) Table of Content Preface Aptipedia Highlights Section A: Quantitative Aptitude  Chapter 1: Fundamentals ·BODMAS ·Multiplication ·Cases for Easy Computation ·Fractions ·Factorisation ·Base ·Triangular Numbers ·Squares ·Cubes ·Square Root ·Cube Root ·Surds ·Indices ·Pythagoras Theorem ·Basics of Algebra ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 2: Numbers ·Types of Numbers ·Power Cycles ·Factors and Multiples ·HCF and LCM ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap   Chapter 3: Percentages ·Introduction ·Percentage Increase or Decrease ·Concept of Multiplication Factor ·Successive Increase/Decrease ·Percentage Points ·Important Concepts and Formulae ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 4: Averages and Alligations ·Averages ·Alligations ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap   Chapter 5: Ratio, Proportion and Variation ·Ratio ·Proportion ·Variation ·Types of Variations ·Partnership ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 6: Equations ·Variables ·Linear Equations ·Quadratic Equations ·Equations of a Higher Degree ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 7: Interest ·Simple Interest ·Compound Interest ·Value of Money ·Population ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 8: Profit and Loss ·Some Important Terms ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 9: Progressions  ·Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) ·Arithmetic Mean ·Geometric Progression (G.P.)  ·Geometric Mean ·Harmonic Progression (H.P.)   ·Additional Concepts   ·Solved Examples   ·Exercise 1   ·Exercise 2   ·Solutions   ·Recap   Chapter 10: Time and Work   ·Fundamentals   ·Alternate Method   ·Pipes and Cisterns   ·Work Equivalence (Man-Days Concept)   ·Division of Wages   ·Solved Examples   ·Exercise 1   ·Exercise 2   ·Solutions   ·Recap   Chapter 11: Time, Speed and Distance   ·Introduction   ·Speed   ·Relations Between Speed, Distance and Time   ·Units of Speed and Conversion Factors   ·Average Speed   ·Relative Speed   ·Passing, Crossing and Overtaking Bodies   ·Travel and Meeting   ·Boats and Streams   ·Races and Circular Tracks   ·Types of Problems   ·Solved Examples   ·Exercise 1   ·Exercise 2    ·Solutions   ·Recap   Chapter 12: Logarithms, Inequalities and Modulus   ·Logarithms   ·Inequalities and Modulus   ·Modulus or Absolute Value   ·Solved Examples   ·Exercise 1   ·Exercise 2   ·Solutions   ·Recap   Chapter 13: Geometry   ·First Things First   ·Angles   ·Parallel Lines   ·Polygon   ·Triangles   ·Circles   ·Formulae in Mensuration   ·Solved Examples   ·Exercise 1   ·Exercise 2   ·Solutions   ·Recap   Chapter 14: Permutations and Combinations   ·Fundamental Principle of Counting   ·Permutations   ·Combinations   ·And–Or Simplification   ·Approach to Solve Problems   ·Solved Examples   ·Exercise 1   ·Exercise 2   ·Solutions   ·Recap   Chapter 15: Probability   ·Basic Definitions   ·Basic Theorems of Probability   ·Expected Value   ·Solved Examples   ·Exercise 1   ·Exercise 2   ·Solutions   ·Recap   Section B: Logical Reasoning Chapter 1: Data Arrangements; Blood Relations; Direction Senses   ·Data Arrangements   ·Construction of Questions on Arrangements   ·Solution Approach for Questions on Arrangements   ·Solved Examples   ·Exercise 1   ·Exercise 2   ·Solutions  ·Recap  ·Blood Relations ·Typical Terms Given in Blood Relations    ·Typical Questions Based on Blood Relations ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap ·Direction Senses ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 2 Data Interpretation and Data Sufficiency ·Data interpretation ·Tables ·Bar Graphs ·Pie Charts ·Line Charts ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap ·Data Sufficiency ·Why Data Sufficiency Questions Are Unique? ·Framing of Data Sufficiency Questions ·Tips and Strategies to Solve Data Sufficiency Questions ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 3: Series, Odd Man Out, Coding and Decoding, Analogy ·Series Completion ·Odd Man Out ·Coding and Decoding ·Analogy ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 4: Syllogisms and Logical Connectives ·Syllogisms ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap ·Logical Connectives ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 5: Inequalities ·Introduction ·Coded Inequalities ·Direct Inequalities ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 6: Venn Diagrams ·Venn Diagrams ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 7: Clocks, Calendars and Cubes ·Clocks ·Calendars ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap ·Cubes ·Commonly Asked Question Types on Cubes ·Cutting into the Cube ·Hollow Cube ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2 ·Solutions ·Recap Chapter 8: Input–Output Machines ·Introduction ·Methods of Rearrangements ·Types of Input ·Alphabetical Order ·Arbitrary Starting ·Solved Examples ·Exercise 1 ·Exercise 2    ·Solutions    ·Recap    Chapter 9: Attention to Details    ·Attention to Details    ·Decision Making    ·Solved Examples    ·Exercise 1    ·Exercise 2    ·Solutions    ·Recap    Section C: Verbal Ability Chapter 1: Reading Comprehension    ·Introduction    ·Strategies to Be Employed    ·Types of Questions    ·Types of Approaches    ·Solved Examples    ·Exercise 1    ·Exercise 2    ·Solutions    ·Critical Reasoning    ·What Is Critical Reasoning?    ·Types of Questions in Critical Reasoning    ·Recap    Chapter 2: Grammar    ·Introduction    ·Types of Questions    ·Basic Concepts    ·Solved Examples    ·Exercise 1    ·Exercise 2    ·Solutions    ·Recap    Chapter 3: Vocabulary    ·Introduction    ·Strategies to Be Employed    ·Idiomatic Phrases    ·Phrasal Verbs    ·Homophones, Homonyms and Heteronyms    ·Solved Examples    ·Exercise 1    ·Exercise 2    ·Solutions    ·Recap    Chapter 4: Parajumbles    ·Introduction    ·Types of Jumbles    ·Types of Parajumble Questions Asked    ·Steps to Solve Parajumbles    ·Solved Examples    ·Exercise 1    ·Exercise 2    ·Solutions    ·Recap    Chapter 5: Sentence Completion    ·Introduction    ·Structure of Questions    ·Strategies to Be Employed    ·Solved Examples    ·Exercise 1    ·Exercise 2    ·Solutions    Recap