Investigating the rapidly unfolding pro-poor opportunities in South Asia, this extensively researched analysis provides a range of information detailing the advancements that have spurred from new lifestyles, increased income, spreading urbanization, and expanding globalization. These experts examine the changing dietary patterns—from staple food grains to high-value commodities such as fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, eggs, and fish—of the poor and rich and the rural and urban consumers. Presenting the pathways to agricultural diversification, the essays address the real challenge to development in South Asia: how to grab these opportunities to alleviate poverty and improve quality of life.