Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

Pentium Microprocessor : Historical evolution of 80286, 386 and 486 processors, Pentium features and architecture, Pin description, Functional description, Pentium real mode, Pentium RISC features, Pentium super-scalar architecture - pipelining, Instruction paring rules, Branch prediction, Instruction and data caches The floating-point unit. Bus Cycles and Memory Organisation : Initialization and configuration, Bus operations-reset, Non pipelined and pipelined (read and write), Memory organisation and I/O organisation, Data transfer mechanism-8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit data bus interface. Pentium Programming : Programmer's model, Register set, Addressing modes, Instruction set, Data types, Data transfer instructions, String instructions, Arithmetic instructions, Logical instructions, Bit manipulation instructions, Program transfer instructions and Processor control instructions. Protected Mode : Segmentation-support registers, Related instructions descriptors, Memory management through segmentation, Logical to linear address translation, Protection by segmentation, Privilege level-protection, Related instructions, Inter-privilege level transfer of control, Paging-support registers, descriptors, Linear to physical address translation, TLB, Page level protection, Virtual memory. Multitasking, Interrupts Exceptions and I/O : Multitasking - Support registers, Related descriptors, Task switching, I/O Permission bit map. Virtual mode - features, Address generation, Privilege level, Instructions and registers available, entering and leaving V86 mode. Interrupt structure - Real, Protected and Virtual 8086 modes, I/O handling in Pentium, Comparison of all three modes. 8051 Micro-controller : Micro-controller MCS-51 family architecture, On-chip data memory and program memory organization - Register set, Register bank, SFRs, External data memory and program memory, Interrupts structure, Timers and their programming, Serial port and programming, Other features, Design of minimum sy