Sol-gel-immobilized Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor for high-performance liquid chromatography [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]

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Description:
The sol-gel-immobilized Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)"3^2^+] electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was applied to the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of phenothiazine derivatives (promazine, chlorpromazine, triflupromazine, thioridazine, and trifluoperazine) and erythromycin in human urine samples. In this method, Ru(bpy)"3^2^+ was immobilized in sol-gel-derived titania (TiO"2)-Nafion nanocomposite films coated on a dual platinum electrode. This method eliminates an extra pump needed for the delivery of Ru(bpy)"3^2^+ reagent into a reaction/observation zone in front of photomultiplier tube because the immobilized-Ru(bpy)"3^2^+ is recycled on the electrode surface by an applied potential at +1.3V versus Ag/AgCl (3M NaCl) reference electrode. The resulting analytical performances such as detection limit, working range, sensitivity, and measurement precision were slightly worse than those obtained with the conventional post-column Ru(bpy)"3^2^+ addition approach. The lack of significant interferences and the low detection limits for phenothiazine derivatives and erythromycin indicate that the proposed HPLC-Ru(bpy)"3^2^+ ECL detection method is suitable for the determination of those compounds in biological fluids.