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Predicting ammonia and carbon dioxide emissions from carbon and nitrogen biodegradability during animal waste composting [An article from: Atmospheric Environment]
Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
During composting of livestock manure, transformations of organic matter result in gaseous emissions, which can harm the environment. Two experiments were done in enclosures to measure the fluxes of NH"3, N"2O, CO"2, CH"4 and H"2O emitted by 8 heaps of compost representing the range of biodegradability of nitrogen and carbon in the livestock manure. The heaps were monitored for the first 2 months, corresponding to the thermophilic phase during which nearly all-mass losses occur. Four parameters describe the NH"3 emission kinetics and the main influential factors were noted: (1) the response time to reach maximum intensity is affected mainly by the initial micro-flora; (2) the amplitude depends mainly on C biodegradability and also on micro-flora; (3) the emission duration depends mainly on N biodegradability; and (4) the cumulative emission, which varied from 16.5 to 48.9% of the nitrogen initially present in the heap, depends both on C and N biodegradability. A predictive model for NH"3 and CO"2 emissions for the thermophilic phase of the composting of livestock manure is proposed. The variability in cumulative emissions of CO"2 and of NH"3 is well explained by the contents of soluble elements and hemicellulose in the dry matter (Van Soest fractioning), and soluble nitrogen (12h extraction at 4^oC in water). In our conditions of favourable aeration and humidity, N"2O and CH"4 emissions were low. The role of the biodegradable carbon in reducing NH"3 emission is highlighted.
Description:
During composting of livestock manure, transformations of organic matter result in gaseous emissions, which can harm the environment. Two experiments were done in enclosures to measure the fluxes of NH"3, N"2O, CO"2, CH"4 and H"2O emitted by 8 heaps of compost representing the range of biodegradability of nitrogen and carbon in the livestock manure. The heaps were monitored for the first 2 months, corresponding to the thermophilic phase during which nearly all-mass losses occur. Four parameters describe the NH"3 emission kinetics and the main influential factors were noted: (1) the response time to reach maximum intensity is affected mainly by the initial micro-flora; (2) the amplitude depends mainly on C biodegradability and also on micro-flora; (3) the emission duration depends mainly on N biodegradability; and (4) the cumulative emission, which varied from 16.5 to 48.9% of the nitrogen initially present in the heap, depends both on C and N biodegradability. A predictive model for NH"3 and CO"2 emissions for the thermophilic phase of the composting of livestock manure is proposed. The variability in cumulative emissions of CO"2 and of NH"3 is well explained by the contents of soluble elements and hemicellulose in the dry matter (Van Soest fractioning), and soluble nitrogen (12h extraction at 4^oC in water). In our conditions of favourable aeration and humidity, N"2O and CH"4 emissions were low. The role of the biodegradable carbon in reducing NH"3 emission is highlighted.
