Applied Protective Relaying

The third edition of Protective Relaying incorporates information on new developments and topics in protective relaying that has emerged since the second edition was published. This time span represents a dynamic period that involved significant technological advances and revolutionary structural changes within the electric power industry. From a technical standpoint, significant advances in the development and application of digital processing devices in power system protection and control continue. A considerable amount of new material is presented on this subject along with the benefits and problems associated with applying such microprocessor-based devices in protection schemes. Over recent years, structural changes within the electric utility industry have changed the man- ner in which segments of power systems are owned and networks are devel- oped. The impacts of these changes with respect to the system protection function are discussed in this edition. In addition, structural and regulatory changes have promoted the installation of generators with a wide range of sizes at locations that are distributed throughout power transmission and distribution systems. A discussion of protection requirements at the intercon- nection location for such distributed generation has been added to the text. New material is also presented on the application of protective systems and limiters in generator excitation systems. Other areas that have been added or significantly expanded include capacitor bank protection, underfrequency load-shedding scheme designs and performance, voltage collapse and mitiga- tion, special protection schemes, fault and event recording, fault location techniques, and the latest advances in transformer protection. All existing material in the text has been reviewed and updated as appropriate.