Improvised Munitions Combined with OPERATOR'S MANUAL for MACHINE GUNS, CALIBER .50; M2, HEAVY BARREL FLEXIBLE, W/E, M48 TURRET TYPE, SOFT MOUNT, FIXED TYPE RIGHT HAND FEED, FIXED TYPE LEFT HAND FEED

Improvised Munitions Combined with OPERATOR’S MANUAL for MACHINE GUNS, CALIBER .50; M2, HEAVY BARREL FLEXIBLE, W/E, M48 TURRET TYPE, SOFT MOUNT, FIXED TYPE RIGHT HAND FEED, FIXED TYPE LEFT HAND FEED

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Purpose and Scope

In Unconventional Warfare operations it may be impossible or unwise to use conventional military munitions as tools in the conduct of certain missions. It may be necessary instead to fabricate the required munitions from locally available or unassuming materials. The purpose of this manual is to increase the potential of Special Forces and guerrilla troops by describing in detail the manufacture of munitions from seemingly innocuous locally available materials.

Manufactured, precision devices almost always will be more effective, more reliable, and easier to use than improvised ones, but shelf items will just not be available for certain operations for security or logistical reasons. Therefore the operator will have to rely on materials he can buy in a drug or paint store, find in a junk pile, or scrounge from military stocks. Also, many of the ingredients and materials used in fabricating homemade items are so commonplace or innocuous they can be carried without arousing suspicion. The completed item itself often is more easily concealed or camouflaged. In addition, the field expedient item can be tailored for the intended target, thereby providing an advantage over the standard item in flexibility and versatility.

The manual contains simple explanations and illustrations to permit construction of the items by personnel not normally familiar with making and handling munitions. These items were conceived in-house or, obtained from other publications or personnel engaged in munitions or special warfare
work. This manual includes methods for fabricating explosives, detonators, propellants, shaped charges, small arms, mortars, incendiaries, delays, switches, and similar items from indigenous materials.

Table of Contents
Section 0 — Introduction
0.1 Purpose and Scope
0.2 Safety and Reliability
0.3 User Comments
Section 1 — Explosives and Propellants (including igniters)
1.1 Plastic Explosive Filler
1.2 Potassium Nitrate
1.3 Improvised Black Powder
1.4 Nitric Acid
1.5 Initiator for Dust Explosions
1.6 Fertilizer Explosive
1.7 Carbon Tet – Explosive
1.8 Fertilizer AN-Al Explosive
1.9 “Red or White Powder” Propellant
1.10 Nitric Acid/Nitrobenzene (“Hellhoffite”) Explosive
1.11 Optimized Process for Cellulose/Acid Explosives
1.12 Methyl Nitrate Dynamite
1.13 Urea Nitrate Explosive
1.14 Preparation of Copper Sulfate (Pentahydrate)
1.15 Reclamation of RDX from C4
1.16 TACC (Tetramminecopper (II) Chlorate)
1.17 HMTD



Book 2


OPERATOR’S MANUAL for MACHINE GUNS, CALIBER .50; M2, HEAVY BARREL FLEXIBLE, W/E, M48 TURRET TYPE, SOFT MOUNT, FIXED TYPE RIGHT HAND FEED, FIXED TYPE LEFT HAND FEED


SCOPE
Type of Manual: Operator’s Manual
Model Number and Equipment Name: Machine Gun, Caliber .50; M2, heavy barrel, flexible type, and M48 turret type, soft mount, and fixed type machine guns.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
WP Sequence No.
WARNING SUMMARY
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
GENERAL INFORMATION 0001 00
CHAPTER 1 — DESCRIPTION AND THEORY OF OPERATION
Equipment Description and Data 0002 00
Theory of Operation 0003 00
CHAPTER 2 — OPERATOR INSTRUCTIONS
Description and Use of Operator Controls
and Indicators . 0004 00
Operation Under Usual Conditions . 0005 00
Operation Under Unusual Conditions . 0016 00
CHAPTER 3 — TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURES
Troubleshooting Index 0020 00
Operational Checkout and Troubleshooting Procedures . 0021 00
CHAPTER 4 — MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCS)
Introduction 0022 00
Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCS),
Including Lubrication Instructions 0023 00
Field Strip (Removal) 0024 00