Basal Ganglia, Striatum, Thalamus: Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Limbic Striatum, Brainstem, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Psychosis, ... & Disorders of Movement

Basal Ganglia, Striatum, Thalamus: Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Limbic Striatum, Brainstem, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Psychosis, Schizophrenia, Catatonia, Obsessive-Compulsions & Disorders of Movement.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Basal Ganglia - 3
Evolution & the Extended Amygdala - 4
Mind & Motor Center Nuclei - 7
Structural Overview: Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Neurotransmitters - 9
Functional Overview - 15
Amygdala, Emotion, Memory, Psychosis & the Basal Ganglia - 20
Catatonia, Parkinson's Disease, & Psychosis - 26
The Corpus Striatum - 28
Patches & Matrix - 28
Corpus Striatum Motor Functions - 29
Functional Differentiation of the Caudate & Putamen - 31
Caudate, Mania, Apathy, Catatonia - 33
Catatonia & the Frontal Caudate Amygdala Neural Network - 38
The Supplementary Motor Areas - 38
Amygdala, Striatum, SMA, & Life Threatening Fear & Arousal - 40
Evolutionary Significance of Rigidity - 41
Evolutionary Implications of Parkinson’s Disease - 44
Parkinson’s Disease - 45
Striatal Imbalance & Parkinson’s Disease - 48
The Supplementary Motor Areas & Parkinson’s Disease - 49
Hippocampus & Supplementary Motor Area - 51
DA, ACH & Striatal Imbalance - 52
Psychosis - 53
The Amygdala, Temporal Lobe & Dopamine - 57
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders - 59
Limbic Striatum, Memory & Alzheimer’s Disease - 60
Limbic Striatum, DA, 5HT, ACH, NE & Memory - 60
Overview: Alzheimer’s Disease - 65
Memory & Alzheimer’s Disease - 66
Widespread Neuronal Death & Alzheimer’s Disease - 68
Defective Axonal Transport - 70
Limbic & Corpus Striatal Counterbalancing Influences - 71
Neocortical, Thalamic & Striatal Feedback Loops: SMA, Putamen, Globus Pallidus - 73
Putamen, Medial & Lateral Globus Pallidus - 74
Medial & Lateral Globus Pallidus - 77
Motor Thalamus - 79
The Subthalamic Nucleus - 82
DA & GABA Striatal Interactions & Movement Disorders - 84
Huntington’s Chorea - 87
Brainstem Overview - 89
Brainstem Gross Anatomy - 89
Reticular Activating & Neurotransmitter Systems - 92
Evolutionary Considerations - 95
Brainstem Reflexive Motor Actions & Hierarchical Functional Representation - 95
Sex & the Brainstem - 96
Multi-Sensory Brainstem Neurons - 98
Midbrain - 99
The Periaqueductal Gray - 99
Brainstem Reticular Formation - 100
Coma, Lethargy & the Brainstem - 101
Dopamine, Norepinephrine & Serotonin - 102
Dopamine - 102
Norepinephrine - 103
Serotonin - 105
The Dorsal & Median Raphe-5HT Nuclei - 106
NE & 5HT Interactions: Fear, Pain, Stress - 107
Concluding Statement: The Amygdala -107