Internal Combustion Engine Manual (Classic Reprint)

They are used extensively in stationary gas engine plants and in a few instances have been adapted to marine use. In practice, producer gas has a net thermal value of 150 to 180 B. t. u. per cubic foot. Reactions. The fuel in the producer may be divided into four zones. That zone nearest the hearth consists of ash. The next zone, called the combustion zone, is usually above 1,900 F. Here the carbon in the fuel is converted to CO2. In the next zone, called the decomposition zone, the CO2 from the second zone combines with the Cin the fuel to form CO. Also the moisture in the blast combines with the carbon in the fuel to form CO and H2, In the top zone (about 1,300 F.), to which fresh fuel is being constantly added, the volatile matter in the fuel is distilled off and mixes with the CO2, and CO given off from the lower zones to form producer gas. 2. Liquid Fuels. A. PSTROLE.UM AND ITS DISTILLATES. By far the most important fuels for marine internal combustion engines are derived from petroleum. This important product is found in nearly every part of the globe. The United States,. Mexico andR ussia produce most of the petroleum at present. In this country the fields of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Oklahoma,, Texas and California are the best producers. Contrary to the popular idea, oil is not necessarily found in the vicinity of coal fields, but near salt deposits, the formation of salt and oil being apparently simultaneous. Although still open to dispute, it appears to be fairly well established that petroleum was formed by the decomposition of large masses of organic matter, probably of marine origin, and the subsequent spontaneous distillation of the hydrocarbons from such matter. Some few petroleums seem to be of vegetable origin.
(Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.)

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