Sponge Iron Production in Rotary Kiln

Direct-reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, is produced from direct reduction of iron ore (in the form of lumps, pellets or fines) by a reducing gas produced from natural gas or coal. The process of reducing the iron ore in solid form by reducing gases is called direct reduction. This book deals with the basics of sponge iron production in rotary kiln, describing the operational problems and control needed to produce a quality product. The book comprehensively explains the process of selection and testing of raw materials needed to prepare sponge iron. It also reveals various commercially used DR processes, which are adopted by many national and international steel plants all over the world. The raw material flow in the rotary kiln and the stages involved are all discussed in detail. The book also reveals how to store and handle the produced sponge iron which is highly exothermic in nature. This book is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgical engineering.