History as the Architect of the Present: What Made Kashmir the Nucleus of South Asia Terrorism? India-Pakistan Conflict and its Impact on U.S. Homeland Security - al-Qaeda, Partition of India

This study focuses on the root causes of conflict in South Asia that have created the environment in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas, which nurtures insurgency. The causes are rooted in the decisions, made by the British Empire in the 19th and 20th centuries, to perpetuate her rule in the Indian subcontinent. A disregard for the history and its impact on the current events has led to prolonging of U.S. war in Afghanistan. The conclusion is that colonial history of South Asia has shaped current conflicts in Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan. These conflicts have manifested in spawning of terrorism from the region.

Ever since the partition of India in 1947 by the British, India and Pakistan remain locked in an enduring conflict over Kashmir. This conflict is tied to destabilization of South Asia, including competition between India and Pakistan over influence in Afghanistan. Thus, the U.S. focus on elimination of al Qaeda is short sighted, as it ignores the reasons for al Qaeda's survival in South Asia. Without Pakistan's support for the Afghan Taliban and associated terrorist organizations, al Qaeda would not have a sanctuary in South Asia.

Without a resolution of the conflict between India and Pakistan, the terrorism problem emanating from South Asia remains a potential threat. Therefore, it is imperative that U.S. policy should expand to include a resolution of India-Pakistan conflict.

CHAPTER I - HISTORY AS THE ARCHITECT OF THE PRESENT: WHAT MADE KASHMIR THE NUCLEUS OF SOUTH ASIA TERRORISM? INDIA-PAKISTAN CONFLICT AND ITS IMPACT ON U.S. HOMELAND SECURITY * CHAPTER II - CRITICAL EVENTS IN COLONIAL INDIA THAT SHAPED SOUTH ASIA * CHAPTER III - THE PARTITION AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIA AND PAKISTAN'S RULERS * CHAPTER IV - KASHMIR IN THE MIDST OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN * CHAPTER V - PAKISTAN AND UNITED STATES-A RELATIONSHIP OF CONVENIENCE * CHAPTER VI - INTRACTABILITY OF INDIA-PAKISTAN CONFLICT AS A FUNCTION OF BRITISH INDIA'S PARTITION AND CONCOMITANT ADVERSARIAL IDENTITY GENERATION - CONSEQUENCES FOR UNITED STATES' COUNTERTERRORISM EFFORTS