Political Conflict in Gran Colombia: 1827 Proclamations of Santander and Bolivar
Book Details
ISBN / ASINB00ZQI5LPU
ISBN-13978B00ZQI5LP7
Sales Rank1,820,207
MarketplaceUnited States 🇺🇸
Description
“Political Conflict in Gran Colombia†contains English translations of two proclamations issued by two major 19th century political leaders in the 1820s. The first is a proclamation from Francisco de Paula Santander (full name Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña, 1792-1840). The second is from Simón Bolivar (full name Simón José Antonio de la SantÃsima Trinidad BolÃvar y Palacios, 1783-1830).
At the beginning of the 19th century, most of the Americas south of the United States was under the rule of Spain. The Spanish-American Empire extended from what are now Florida, Texas, California, the American Southwest, and Mexico, to the southern ends of Chile and Argentina in South America. Most of these regions had been under Spanish rule since the 16th century.
In the first decades of the 19th century wars of independence broke out across continental Spanish-America. The catalyst for these wars was Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion of Spain. When the French occupied Spain and deposed the Bourbon dynasty, the Spanish colonies overseas were divided on how to react. Most colonists rejected the authority of Napoleon’s brother Joseph, who had been appointed king of Spain by the French. But they did not agree on which authority to recognize. In order to replace the authority of the deposed Spanish monarchy, colonists formed juntas to administer themselves.
Some Spanish-American leaders began to call for independence from Spain, rejecting the authority of royal officials. Years of warfare between royalists and patriots followed. From about 1810 to the 1830s, all of the former Spanish colonies of the North American, Central American, and South American mainland won their independence from Spain.
In South America the best known of the patriot leaders was Simon Bolivar. Bolivar was born in Caracas, in what is now Venezuela, to a wealthy colonial family of Spanish descent. After achieving some success in establishing an independent republican state in Venezuela, he was defeated by royalists, and forced to flee to Jamaica, and then Haiti.
With aid from Haiti’s president Alexandre Petion, Bolivar returned to South America in 1816. After several battles, Bolivar and his supporters defeated Spanish forces across the northern portions of South America by the early 1820s.
Bolivar envisioned a vast united Spanish-American nation. He organized the large state of Gran Colombia, which included modern-day Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, and parts of northern Peru. But disagreements soon broke out between rival regional politicians in Gran Colombia, leading to the break up of the nation.
After Gran Colombia was formed, Simon Bolivar, its president, left his post to lead military campaigns to free Peru from Spanish rule. In his absence, the vice-president, Francisco de Paula Santander, served as head of state of Gran Colombia.
Political conflicts developed between Bolivar, Santander, the regional caudillo (warlord) Jose Antonio Paez of Venezuela in the mid-1820s. A dispute between Santander and Paez led to the latter trying to lead a Venezuelan secession from Gran Colombia. There were also disputes between Santander and Bolivar. Bolivar eventually had Santander dismissed from his post, arrested, and exiled.
At the beginning of the 19th century, most of the Americas south of the United States was under the rule of Spain. The Spanish-American Empire extended from what are now Florida, Texas, California, the American Southwest, and Mexico, to the southern ends of Chile and Argentina in South America. Most of these regions had been under Spanish rule since the 16th century.
In the first decades of the 19th century wars of independence broke out across continental Spanish-America. The catalyst for these wars was Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion of Spain. When the French occupied Spain and deposed the Bourbon dynasty, the Spanish colonies overseas were divided on how to react. Most colonists rejected the authority of Napoleon’s brother Joseph, who had been appointed king of Spain by the French. But they did not agree on which authority to recognize. In order to replace the authority of the deposed Spanish monarchy, colonists formed juntas to administer themselves.
Some Spanish-American leaders began to call for independence from Spain, rejecting the authority of royal officials. Years of warfare between royalists and patriots followed. From about 1810 to the 1830s, all of the former Spanish colonies of the North American, Central American, and South American mainland won their independence from Spain.
In South America the best known of the patriot leaders was Simon Bolivar. Bolivar was born in Caracas, in what is now Venezuela, to a wealthy colonial family of Spanish descent. After achieving some success in establishing an independent republican state in Venezuela, he was defeated by royalists, and forced to flee to Jamaica, and then Haiti.
With aid from Haiti’s president Alexandre Petion, Bolivar returned to South America in 1816. After several battles, Bolivar and his supporters defeated Spanish forces across the northern portions of South America by the early 1820s.
Bolivar envisioned a vast united Spanish-American nation. He organized the large state of Gran Colombia, which included modern-day Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, and parts of northern Peru. But disagreements soon broke out between rival regional politicians in Gran Colombia, leading to the break up of the nation.
After Gran Colombia was formed, Simon Bolivar, its president, left his post to lead military campaigns to free Peru from Spanish rule. In his absence, the vice-president, Francisco de Paula Santander, served as head of state of Gran Colombia.
Political conflicts developed between Bolivar, Santander, the regional caudillo (warlord) Jose Antonio Paez of Venezuela in the mid-1820s. A dispute between Santander and Paez led to the latter trying to lead a Venezuelan secession from Gran Colombia. There were also disputes between Santander and Bolivar. Bolivar eventually had Santander dismissed from his post, arrested, and exiled.
