Bacterial genetics is the subfield of genetics devoted to the study of bacteria. Bacterial genetics are different from eukaryotic genetics, however bacteria still serve as a good model for animal genetic studies. One of the major distinctions between bacterial and eukaryotic genetics stems from the bacteria's lack of membrane-bound organelles(this is true of all prokaryotes). Bacterial genetics has led to the establishment of the universal “central dogma” on the transfer of genetic information resulted in a number of discoveries that provided essential clues to understanding complex phenomena in many fields of higher eukaryote.