Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies: Chapter 9. ASP Fundamentals and Field Cases Outside China

The fundamentals of individual chemical process (alkaline, surfactant, and polymer) and their two-component combinations have been discussed in preceding chapters. This chapter only briefly discusses the synergy and practical issues in the three-component combination—Alkaline-surfactant-polymer process. The practical issues discussed are produced emulsion, scaling, and chromatographic separation. Overall performance and amount of chemicals used in field projects are summarized. Most of the Chinese field cases were presented in Sheng (2011). In this chapter, we only present a few field cases outside China. These projects are the Lawrence field in Illinois, the Cambridge Minnelusa field, the West Kiehl field and Tanner field in Wyoming, and Lagomar LVA-6/9/21 area in Venezuela.