Swarm Intelligence and Bio-Inspired Computation: 14. Modeling to Generate Alternatives Using Biologically Inspired Algorithms

In solving many practical mathematical programming applications, it is generally preferable to formulate several quantifiably good alternatives that provide very different approaches to the particular problem. This is because decision-making typically involves complex problems that are riddled with incompatible performance objectives and possess competing design requirements which are very difficult—if not impossible—to quantify and capture at the time that the supporting decision models are constructed. There are invariably unmodeled design issues, not apparent at the time of model construction, which can greatly impact the acceptability of the model’s solutions. Consequently, it is preferable to generate several alternatives that provide multiple, disparate perspectives to the problem. These alternatives should possess near-optimal objective measures with respect to all known modeled objective(s) but be fundamentally different from each other in terms of the system structures characterized by their decision variables. This solution approach is referred to as modeling-to-generate-alternatives (MGA). This chapter provides a synopsis of various MGA techniques and demonstrates how biologically inspired MGA algorithms are particularly efficient at creating multiple solution alternatives that both satisfy required system performance criteria and yet are maximally different in their decision spaces. The efficacy and efficiency of these MGA methods are demonstrated using a number of case studies.