Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applications: 2. Phenolic resins as a matrix material in advanced fiber-reinforced polymer ... Series in Civil and Structural Engineering)

Thermosets such as phenolic thermosets are brittle at room temperature. Thus, in applications where good mechanical properties are required thermosets must be combined with reinforcements to improve these properties. Composites based on thermoset matrices can substitute for steel and concrete in some applications of civil construction structures because of their higher resistance to oxidation than steel and better freeze–thaw resistance than concrete. Furthermore, phenolic composites can be produced with complex shapes, and with careful design, materials can be obtained with high strength and stiffness and excellent impact strength, making these materials alternatives to metals. Construction materials require fire- and high-temperature-resistant components, and moldings and laminates based on phenolics can be utilized due to their resistance to burning and minimal smoke and toxic fumes production. Phenolic composites can positively impact the building and construction industry by improving safety and reducing cost.