Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIA: Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Photonic Crystals for Telecom Applications-Photonic Crystal Lasers (Optics and Photonics)

Photonic crystals, in which the refractive index changes periodically, provide an exciting tool for the manipulation of photons and have made substantial progresses in recent years. In this article, two topics regarding photonic crystal lasers are discussed: (i) ultimate nanolasers based on photonic bandgap effect and high-Q nanocavities and (ii) broad-area photonic crystal lasers based on photonic band-edge effect.