Key Technologies of Internal Combustion Engine, Electric Machine, and Components that compose Automotive Powertrains: Cooperative control of HCCI engine, electric machine with dynamic programing

Automotive vehicles are driven with internal combustion engines or motors. Power is transmitted to wheels by powertrains. Fuel economy and emissions of the internal combustion engine are in the conflicting relation.
Fuel consumption increases as the emissions decreases in case of internal combustion engines. Many control strategies are presented for spark ignition engines and diesel engines to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions simultaneously.
Motors consume battery charging energy. The mileage is limited by the capacity of the battery mounted on vehicles. The efficiency and torque decrease as the speed of vehicles increases due to the increase in the magnetic field excited by rotors.
Most effective means to reduce both fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of internal combustion engines and the energy consumption of electric vehicles is a weight reduction of vehicles. The weight of engines is reduced by reducing cylinder volume. 2-stage turbocharging systems recover the power of small cylinder volume engines. The control system for internal combustion engines with the 2-stage turbocharger is sophisticated, using neural network strategies.
The weight of motors is reduced by improving motor efficiency. Permanent magnet synchronous machines are used. The weight of batteries is reduced by improving the energy density of batteries. As the motor torque at low revolution is higher than at high speed, the transmission for electric vehicles is simpler than that for internal combustion engines. But the sudden change in the torque causes the drivetrain torque fluctuation due to drivetrain torsional vibration. To reduce the drive train torque fluctuation of electric vehicle during acceleration, the sophisticated control strategies, such as disturbance observer, inverse filter are adopted.
A powertrain system in the near future may provide a HCCI internal combustion engine, a low speed electric machine, a high speed electric machine. The vehicle can be driven with the internal combustion engine and two electric machines in high power regions. The vehicle can be driven only with the internal combustion engine, or only with one of the motors in low power regions. The battery can be charged with one electric machine driven by the internal combustion engine.
The cooperation of two motor can improve the performance of the electric motor in high speed regions due to field weakening. The cooperative control of two motors and the HCCI internal combustion engine can supplement power shortage of the engine due to lean combustion.