A comparative grammar of the Gaudian languages; with special reference to the Eastern Hindi, accompanied by a language-map and a table of alphabets

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1880 Excerpt: ...occur very rarely in classic Latin, and, as a rule, are used passively, as captivus "prisoner", votivus „ dedicated"; but stativus "appointed" or "stationary" is both pass, and act., and fugitivus "fugitive" is active. But in the later (low) Latin they are very common, and, as a rule, used actively; as cffectivus „ effective", operativus, contemplativus, ncgativus, etc. 1) The so-called P. „gerund" (Ld. 24.45. 81) ending in m., f., is identical with the past part, pass.; see the § on compound verbs. Fourth Group. 315. Set. Com. gen. Masc. Fem. 1) a:r an ar 2) aTSTT or apr a3TT or atai aj4) or srrt 3) afr afSrT aftfTfr 4)--asrrT or srr airsnfT or 5nt The forms of com. gen. are weak, the others strong. The second set, on being added to caus. and den. roots in ara, supersedes that termin. For the rest, see § 298, note. 316. Meaning..These suff. are used to derive 1) part, fut., both pass, and act., and 2) verbal nouns, both of act. and agency, from any root. The nouns of agency are, in fact, part, fut. act., implying the habit of doing a thing. As to the change of the sense from pass, to act., see § 309. The verbal nouns of act., formed by these suff. and used as infinitives in W. H. and the other Gds., are seldom or never employed so in E. H. 317. All these suff. (exc. the strong femin. of the third set) are occasionally used to form the part. fut. pass., and generally have some particular meaning. Thus 5 or rr or what is to be given, a debt, of R. 5; give; Sfr or or 5PTT what is to be taken, a receipt, of R. take, as in the phrase pt S;:t intercourse, traffic; srrePT or oisMi what is to be played, a musical instrument, of R. sra be played; aferr or atfi' what is to be put...